Citadel of Qaitbay (Egypt)

The Qaitbay citadel in Alexandria is considered as one of the most important defensive strongholds not only in Egypt but also in the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. E 'formulated an important part of the fortification system of Alexandria in the 15th century AD.
This citadel was established by Sultan Al Ashraf Abou Seif Al Nasr Eldin Qaitbay Al Zahiry. The citadel is located at the eastern harbor on the eastern tip of the island of Pharos.

the remains of the lighthouse can be seen in parts of the old fort building. One of the seven wonders of the ancient world, the lighthouse was surprisingly 125m in height with three hundred rooms at ground level, which were built for the workers.

Running through the center was an uphill double spiral and hydraulic machine that has raised fuel up. The lantern on top of the lighthouse remains a mystery. Some say it contained a polished steel mirror reflecting the light during the day and fire at night. Others say it is made of transparent glass. The lantern and the first two stories have fallen around 700 AD, according to many reports, and the rest of the lighthouse was destroyed by an earthquake in 1100 AD. In its place a mosque was built, which was damaged by an earthquake in the 14th century. The entrance is through a gateway in red Aswan granite. Located next to the mosque is a cistern that was used to store water in case of siege. Also located inside the fort is the Naval Museum, which contains Roman and Napoleonic naval battles.